Subscribe Today! Though they may differ in their specifics, these stories share a resolute assuredness about the hormone’s effects that seems to foreclose more critical questions about the hormone and its capacities. The National Championship offers her a perfect platform to get back into the groove and start preparations for the 2016 Olympics. Although the US Food and Drug Administration has approved testosterone products only for men with low levels resulting from a handful of medical conditions—and despite no observed increase in this population—prescriptions for “T” (as the hormone is colloquially known) rose over three-fold in the US (and a staggering twelve-fold globally) from 2000 to 2011, prompting a federal warning about potential abuses of the hormone and the risk of cardiac events it could cause. Testosterone, in human beings, is necessary for health and well-being. How do you ask a substance to make you more masculine or to give you a masculine trait without imbuing the changes that substance makes with your idea of masculinity? It also assumes that the hormone will have similar effects in bodies within those groups. T is used to intervene not only in the “diseased” body, but also to optimize a desired state of being. Consider, for instance, that we tend not to hear any of the magical stories of dramatic transformation from people who’ve been taking T for twenty years. Please update your browser or switch to Chrome, Firefox or Safari. For all the exciting ways that testosterone may be used to disrupt gender, can these expanded uses fully “seize the technology without buying the ideology,” as Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English asked in their 1971 book Complaints and Disorders: The Sexual Politics of Sickness? CHECK IT OUT. MULLEN, in his official capacity as the Director of the Colorado Passport Agency for the United States Department of State, FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT . We live in a time of testosterone. Even some of the earliest T experimenters wondered about what Brown-Séquard called “auto-suggestion without hypnotization.” There is no reason to think that ideas and ideals of masculinity are immune to the placebo effect. Teri L. Snyder, Brabbling Women: Disorderly Speech and the Law in Early Virginia, in William and Mary Quarterly (April, 2004), 359-61. “It’s a policy that primarily affects black and brown women from the global South,” she said. In one segment, the producer interviewed Griffin Hansbury, a psychoanalyst specializing in gender and sexuality, who had taken T to the point of having what the producer characterized as “the testosterone of two linebackers.” Hansbury, like Sullivan, recounted a vivid change immediately after starting T: “Everything I looked at, everything I touched turned to sex.” And so a “big, shuddering, warm” Xerox machine became erotic, as did a red Mustang convertible that caused a “jolt in my pants, this very physical, visceral, sexual reaction.” The producer joked, “Testosterone didn’t just turn you into a man. In Andrew Sullivan’s generalization, for example, one might question his jump from his individual experience to that of all men, and then further to social structures. I’ve done my bit.” I get this, too. – Katrina Karkazis, Brooklyn College/Yale University Science Sex and Gender: Women's History Month 2020 from The National Academies on Vimeo . She also recently co-authored a … This echoed what Sullivan described when he revisited the topic: “Twenty years ago, as it surged through my pubescent body, [testosterone] deepened my voice, grew hair on my face and chest, strengthened my limbs, made me a man.” But there is a crucial difference, Hansbury noted, between going through puberty and starting T. In the case of puberty, your peers are going through the same process as you are, which gives the experience a structure and context that is absent if the changes are happening only to you at age thirty. People likewise take T to affirm their gender identity or to be read differently by others—menopausal women, flaccid men, and “gender hackers” included. T’s powers—actual or ascribed—are in unprecedented demand. Internationally recognized for her work in critical medical and science studies and on gender, Katrina Karkazis is a cultural anthropologist who spent fifteen years at the Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, working at the intersection of science, technology, gender studies, and bioethics. The uncanny correlation of taking T with suddenly understanding physics might slip by as yet another effect of T—except for how far-fetched it is. 15-2056 (4:15-cv-00054-RGD-DEM) GAVIN GRIMM, Plaintiff - Appellant, These testimonies share a sealed and confident view of T’s powers. It doesn’t lead to a pay raise. In a first-person narrative in The Washington Post a few years ago, a woman described what happened when her doctor added testosterone to the hormones she was taking after her hysterectomy. Do people settle into whatever changes took place, over time rendering them less remarkable? He reported the miraculous effects derived from an elixir of blood, semen, and “juice extracted from a testicle, crushed immediately after it has been taken from a dog or a guinea-pig,” which he self-injected, eager to reverse “the most troublesome miseries of advanced life.” The first injection, he told the crowd, produced “a radical change,” including increased physical stamina, “facility of intellectual labour,” and a markedly longer “jet of urine.” The greatest effect by far was on his “expulsion of fecal matters.” Despite what appeared to be great promise, editors writing in what would become The New England Journal of Medicine quickly cautioned against the “silly season” that might ensue, warning that “the sooner the general public, and especially septuagenarian readers of the latest sensation understand that for the physically used up and worn out there is no secret of rejuvenation, no elixir of youth, the better.”. But the shared wellspring of those desires almost always involves a quest for masculinity and its signifiers, offering hope for what it might enact and enable. Katrina Karkazis, a Stanford University medical anthropologist was thrilled with the information. Take, for example, the recently-published testosterone trials in elderly men, which were conducted after the National Institute on Aging and the National Cancer Institute expressed concern about the rapidly increasing number of men using testosterone and asked the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine) to examine what was known about the risks and benefits of testosterone supplementation. POMPEO, in his official capacity as the Secretary of State; STEVENJ. It's a lot to pin on a simple molecule. Sullivan recently raised the stakes when he accused feminists and their supporters of sidestepping natural male dominance: “in our increasingly heated debate about gender relations and the #MeToo movement, this natural reality—reflected in chromosomes and hormones no scientist disputes—is rarely discussed.” The cumulative effect of seeing these links asserted time and time again is what lends the nature argument its solidity. And I’m thrilled she can just now run,” Katrina Karkazis of the Center for Biomedical Ethics told The New York Times after the CAS judgment. Preciado posits that T has the potential to smash the gender binary because it enables the expression of masculinity in bodies assigned female at birth. I have read that more books in the United States are now sold online than in bookstores, and have noticed—and assume a causal connection—that there are less books on the shelves of stores. Posted in: Beyond Birds and Bees. This research has appeared in Science, The American Journal of Bioethics, and BMJ. Women also tell these stories. Despite masterful appeals from the pharmaceutical industry, among others, to specific desires, such as increased libido, people approach T with different goals and desires. Going on a date can end in sexual assault. Her narration, like Sullivan’s and Hansbury’s and many of the most animated accounts of being on T, was written very soon after the drug was first administered. Are the effects less noteworthy or just less novel? I’m so sick of being a second-, third-, fourth-class person. News about upcoming issues, contributors, special events, online features, and more. Or the irrational anger,” such as her rage at herself for dropping a fork, and at the mailman who “carelessly slammed a box onto the front steps.” When the woman went back to her doctor to describe her experiences, the doctor said, “Now you know what it’s like to have your brain bathed in testosterone.” Or, as the author put it, “What it’s like to live like a man.”. What if everyone had access to this “masculinity”? Save 50% off the regular rate and 75% off the cover price and receive a free 2021 calendar! Men—young and old, thin and heavy, coiffed and shaggy… Not all rated attractive, but I found the idea of sex with each captivating.” The doctor had not mentioned the “constant sexual distraction. Even before its laboratory synthesis, this “chemical messenger of masculinity,” in the words of a Dutch researcher, was in search of a market. As one friend who had started T said to me, “Let me know if you find a way to get the big muscles and keep the head hair!” It can fail people no matter how much they take, no matter how much they desire some effects but not others. 3 Fédération internationale pour la Planification familiale à New York. All Access Digital offer for just 99 cents! The universe of people using T, and the reasons for which it is used, transcend the categories “men” and “low testosterone,” respectively, by such magnitude that it is mind-bending even to list, let alone sort, them. Discussant for Katrina Karkazis, Stanford University. Between XX and XY: Intersexuality and the Myth of Two Sexes by Gerald N. Callahan This was followed by research and advocacy on “sex testing” of elite women athletes. T’s effect for a given individual is inflected by that body’s particularity and history: its age; its current level of, including past exposure to, the hormone; the effects of habituation over time; the quantity, location, and sensitivity of androgen receptors; and the presence of other hormones. She is completing the book T: The Unauthorized Biography that examines the varied identities of testosterone in U.S. culture. Sociologists for Women in Society, February 19-22. In some of the “transplants,” for example, the organ was simply sutured to other tissue. These puzzling and contradictory findings did little to undermine the idea that testosterone was the “male sex hormone,” the molecular driver of all things masculine—a notion that still finds widespread support among sources as varied as researchers at the National Institutes of Health and reporters for The New York Times. The problem with this view of T, though, is that by suggesting that bodies, rather than society, are the basis for differences that are used to justify gender inequities, it effectively dooms collective efforts to address those inequities and absolves those in power of their responsibility for sustaining them. More sports News: Sports minister Sarbananda Sonowal on Tuesday welcomed the Court of Arbitration for Sport's decision that allowed Indian sprinter Dutee Chand to resum She has written for the New York Times, the Guardian, and Wired, among other outlets and her research has been covered in the New York Times, Time, BuzzFeed, The Week, CNN, The Daily Beast, The Los Angeles Times, the Toronto Star, among many others. Katrina Karkazis is a cultural anthropologist and bioethicist who examines medicoscientific beliefs about gender, sexuality, and the body. Like Nelson, Mukerjee understands masculinity as independent of T. “For almost all trans masculine patients,” she told me, “the assertion and understanding of their selves and bodies as masculine happens regardless of testosterone initiation. And it made me understand men… And I would really berate myself for it.” And yet, he said, it made him feel like a man. 15-2056 (4:15-cv-00054-RGD-DEM) GAVIN GRIMM, Plaintiff - Appellant, v. GLOUCESTER COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD, Defendant - Appellee. The call to invent one’s life, and to do it continuously, can sound unendurable. But a constantly diversifying group of people taking T cannot by itself mitigate the problems of inequality that get pinned to T. Redistributing testosterone molecule by molecule will never dismantle regimes of power, but neither will the wholesale refutation of T. Demoting and disrupting its centrality in ideological conceptions of masculinity would make room for something better, though. The $2 billion worldwide industry represents a fraction of T’s total market, however, as an untold number of other users acquire it from sources outside conventional medical channels and institutions. 5. She began her career looking at controversies over treatment for people with intersex traits, which resulted in an award-winning book, Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience (Duke 2008). Berkeley, U. of CA Press, 2011. I put these questions to Hansbury. In her account, Nelson doesn’t specify the changes she fears, but that she is both uncertain and scared about the hormone’s effects while also cleaving testosterone from masculinity beautifully captures T’s complexity. No idea was too outlandish or overreaching. DOI 10.1215/10642684-2009-043 no QUiCK Fix Alison Redick Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience Katrina Karkazis Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008. xi + 365 pp. This approach tends to assume that people within a given group take T for the same reasons or want the same results. Jeffrey Q. mcCune Jr. is an assistant professor of American studies and womenâ s studies at the University of Maryland, College Park. Maybe it’s just normal for people of all genders in their early twenties to find that they develop new interests.” Maybe it wasn’t T at all. Katrina Karkazis, Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience, in American Journal of Bioethics (June, 2009), 105-106. Conducted by medical researchers across twelve US communities, these double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, randomly designated elderly men to receive either T or a placebo for one year. PUBLISHED . The hormone has become a powerful technology for the production of subjectivity, the most consequential of which is gender. No. T did help with anemia and increased bone mineral density, but those are far less sexy, as it were, and not what has fueled the hormone’s popularity. It turned you into Rush Limbaugh.” Hansbury was sensitive to this, and troubled by it, saying, “I felt like a monster a lot of the time. If the affected functions were restored, they attributed those changes to the glands and their secretions. The T story has a perennial cycle that has proven exceptionally hard to interrupt, continually invoking views that remain widespread despite decades of incisive critique—everything from why women are underrepresented in STEM to why men are incarcerated more than women. CV I am an interdisciplinary feminist scientist and science studies scholar whose work explores the reciprocal relations between science and the social hierarchies of gender, sexuality, class, and race. How, then, to reconcile these findings with the stories of raging libidinal improvement in middle-aged men? She has also appeared on The World, BBC, CBS News, NBC News, KCBS, CTV News, Q Radio, Al Jazeera, and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, among others. T has its own agency. And of course, I’m also the sensitive guy now. One of the earliest came from a sensational speech delivered by the eminent physiologist Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard at a meeting of the Société de Biologie of Paris in 1889.
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